The testing lasted up to several months, depending on the resident. was tested with long-term-care home residents with mild or moderate cognitive impairments related to dementia who were not permitted to drive a power wheelchair. Residents identified that with the system in place, the wheelchair stopped before obstacle contact, but many also felt frustrated when driving with the anticollision system in place. Most residents found no difference in the perception of safety or likability of the power wheelchair with or without the anticollision system. Residents tested the power wheelchair without the system in place for one set of three trials of an obstacle course on 1 day and repeated the same trial another day with the system in place. This system used a stereovision camera as a sensor and auditory prompts to direct users away from nearby obstacles. Swartz and Mihailidis presented a system in a pilot study with long-term-care home residents with dementia. Moreover, only two systems have been tested with this targeted population. With a few exceptions, the majority of advanced power wheelchairs have not been designed for long-term institutional-care residents with cognitive impairments. ![]() A comprehensive review of smart wheelchair projects is provided by Simpson. Modified or "smart" power wheelchairs with collision-avoidance and navigation assistance features are being developed to enable safe and independent mobility in users with complex physical, sensory, and cognitive limitations. For many, currently available power wheelchairs are unable to accommodate their abilities and enable independent mobility. In the institutional setting, an important reason for limited access is driving safety concerns, such as possibly striking older adult residents who are walking and already at high risk of falling. ![]() Individuals with significantly restricted mobility and impaired vision, perception, and cognition do not always have access to power mobility. Power wheelchairs can improve the independence and quality of life of people with physical mobility problems. Hence, mobility independence is reduced or not achieved for many residents. Sources cite a wide range of percentages of residents who are able to self-mobilize in their wheelchairs, from as low as 4 to 14 percent to 50 percent. Approximately 50 percent of older adults in Canadian institutions use wheelchairs for mobility however, residents are often unable to use their wheelchairs to move independently. Mobility can be restricted owing to multiple chronic conditions such as arthritis, diabetes, stroke, congestive heart failure, and Alzheimer disease or other forms of dementia. Independent mobility is essential in the quality of life of older adults living in institutions. Key words: auditory feedback, cognitive impairment, collision-avoidance power wheelchair, haptic, joystick, long-term-care home, multimodal feedback, older adult, power mobility, smart power wheelchair, usability, user interface, user satisfaction, visual feedback. Residents also felt that the feedback was useful to help them navigate away from obstacles. Furthermore, residents perceived workload to be low and were satisfied with the device. We found the device effective in enabling residents to achieve basic driving tasks and self-identified indoor mobility goals. Observations, feedback interviews, and outcome questionnaires were completed during and after the sessions. Each resident used the device for six 1 h sessions. Five long-term-care home residents with mild or moderate cognitive impairments evaluated device usability, which included effectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction. This device allowed the investigator to stop movement of the power wheelchair when users approached obstacles and to deliver feedback to help them navigate. ![]() We developed a system combining an interface with auditory, visual, and haptic feedback and a simulated collision-avoidance power wheelchair. ![]() Power wheelchairs with collision-avoidance features are being developed to enable safe and independent mobility however, a paucity of information exists on interface features to help users navigate away from obstacles. Power wheelchair use is restricted owing to safety concerns.
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